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Saturday 14 November 2009
GCSE Film Studies : Todorov's Theory On Narrative Structures
| Todorov’s narrative theory | Starts with equilibrium> disruption>Resolution |
| Propps’s Stock Characters | Hero, Villain, Princess, Princesses Father, Pretend hero, Donor |
| Narrative devices and what they do | Red Herring-takes audience on wrong path Flashback/forward-past/future Dramatic irony-Audience know more that the characters Foreshadowing-hinting and things to come Pathetic fallacy-weather sets mood Twist-unexpected turn |
| Linear narrative | Forward- real time- start-middle-end |
| Non linear- narrative | Not in chronological order, flashbacks/forwards |
| Protagonist | Good person |
| Antagonist | Bad person |
| Open narrative | No resolution, to be continued |
| Close narrative | Outcome, close explained ending |
| Restricted narration | One characters point of view |
| Omniscient narration | Narrative is from all different Character’s point of view |
| Film | Structure | Character types | Narrative devices | |
| 28 days Later |
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| Twist Foreshadowing Red herring Flash back | |
| Scream |
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| Memento |
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GCSE Film Studies : Propp's Theory On Narrative
Vladimir Propp’s Theory
One of the most well known theorists on narrative was Vladimir Propp. Although his research was carried out in the 1920's and primarily concerns itself with Russian folk stories, his work can be applied to contemporary Film Studies.
CHARACTERS
- The hero (seeks something)
- The villain (opposes the hero)
- The donor (helps the hero by providing a magic object)
- The dispatcher (sends the hero on his way)
- The false hero (falsely assuming the role of hero)
- The helper (gives support to the hero)
- The princess (the reward for the hero but also needs to be protected from the villain
- Her father
NARRATIVE FUNCTIONS
Preparation (or 1st sphere: the introductory sequence)
P1. A member of the family leaves home
P2. A prohibition or rule is imposed on the hero
P3. The prohibition or rule is broken
P4. The villain makes and attempt at reconnaissance
P5. The villain learns something about his victim
P6. The villain tried to deceive the victim to get possession of his/her belongings
P7. The victim unknowingly helps the villain by being deceived or influenced by the villain
Complication (or 2nd sphere: The body of the story)
C1. The villain harms a member of the family
C2. A member of the family lacks or desires something
C3. This lack or misfortune is made known; the hero is given a request or a command and he goes on a mission or quest
C4. The seeker (often the hero) plans action against the villain
Transference (or 3rd sphere: The donor sequence (magic agent is obtained)
T1. The hero leaves home
T2. The hero is tested, attached, interrogated and, as a result, receives either a magical agent or a helper
T3. The Hero reacts to the actions of the future donor
T4. The hero uses the magical agent
T5. The hero is transferred to the general location of the object of his mission or quest
Struggle (or 4th sphere: The hero’s return)
S1. The hero and the villain join in direct combat
S2. The hero is branded
S3. The villain is defeated
S4. The initial misfortune or lack is put right
Return (still 4th sphere)
R2. The hero is pursued
R3. The hero is rescued from pursuit
R4. The hero arrives home or elsewhere and is not recognised
R5. A false hero makes false claims
R6. A difficult task is set for the hero
R7. The task is accomplished
Recognition
Re1. The hero is recognised
Re2. The false hero/villain is exposed
Re3. The false hero is transformed
Re4. The villain is punished
Re5. The hero is married and crowned
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